1. On the basis of the above three factors (long-term/short-term vulnerability and precipitating factors), make a formulation of the illustrative case.

• Long-term vulnerability factors: Depression in mother, conflictual family environment, dysfunctional personality variable, like, poor frustration tolerance
• Short-term vulnerability factors: Break-up with girl-friend, difficulties in office, symptoms of depression
• Precipitating factors: Distressing thoughts about suicide and his girl-friend, lack of sleep

2. List some of the therapist’s characteristics when dealing with a patient with history of self-harm.

Therapist should be empathic, non-judgmental, good listener, and be able to deal with counter-transference issues.