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Unit 15 Orientation to Disabilities

1. Define disability according to the human rights perspective.

According to the human rights perspective, disability can be defined as a disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by a society which takes little or no account of people who have impairments and thus excludes them from mainstream activities.

2. Define:

• Impairment refers to organ level abnormality or dysfunction.
• Disability refers to person level limitation in physical and psycho-cognitive activities.
• Handicap is considered as a loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in community life on an equal level with others.

3. Which are the major areas covered under the list of reasons of disability by WHO?

The major areas covered under the list of reasons for disability by the WHO are:

• Non-contagious somatic illnesses
• Injuries/wounds
• Malnutrition
• Functional psychiatric disorders
• Chronic alcoholism and drug abuse
• Congenital diseases
• Contagious diseases

4. List the disabilities covered under the PWD Act.

The disabilities covered under the PWD Act are:

• Blindness
• Low vision
• Leprosy-cured
• Hearing impairment
• Locomotor disability
• Mental retardation
• Mental illness

5. How will you differentiate between disability and handicap? Explain with examples.

• Disability is a restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner considered normal among human beings. For example, a person who has lost their arm in an accident has a disability in using that arm for functioning.
• Handicap is a loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in community life on an equal level with others. For example, the same person with the lost arm may experience a handicap if they are unable to perform their role as a student, such as taking notes in class.

6. Describe the legislations and acts related to disability.

• The source material mentions the RCI Act 1992, the PWD Act 1995, and The National Trust Act 1999 as important acts and legislations of the Government of India on disability.
• The PWD Act covers blindness, low vision, leprosy-cured, hearing impairment, locomotor disability, mental retardation and mental illness.
• The source material also mentions a commitment to promoting a Rights-based society for people with disabilities.

7. How will you create a disabled friendly society? Illustrate with the help of examples.

Create a disabled-friendly society by:

• Promoting a rights-based society, ensuring that the rights of disabled people are upheld rather than treating them with sympathy.
• Addressing the needs and problems of children with disabilities.
• Remembering important points when dealing with persons with disabilities, although those specific points are not listed.
• Highlighting the role of society, though the specifics of that role are not listed.