Important Questions for IGNOU PGDCFT MSCCFT MCFT002 Exam with Main Points for Answer - Unit 18 Mental Illness and Psychosocial Rehabilitation

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Unit 18 Mental Illness and Psychosocial Rehabilitation

1. Fill in the blanks:

Bipolar affective disorder occurs in the form of episodes with intervening periods of normalcy and improvement.
A phase of mania is characterised by elation-euphoria, over activity, grandiosity, decreased need of sleep and interfering behaviour.
During intervening periods of bipolar affective disorder, some of the features seen are mild symptoms, irritability, mood fluctuations, and psychosocial dysfunction.

2. What are the key areas of psychiatric disability?

The four key areas of psychiatric disability are:

Activities of daily living skills (for example, grooming, hygiene, maintaining a household, managing finances).
Social functioning (for example, with family, friends, community, and in the workplace).
Concentration, pace, and task persistence (ability to function for 6 to 8 hours without supervision).
The ability to tolerate competitive work.

3. What are the goals of psychosocial rehabilitation?

The major goals of psychosocial rehabilitation are:

Recovery from mental illness.
Integration in the family and community.
Better quality of life.

4. What are the guiding principles of psychosocial rehabilitation?

The guiding principles of psychosocial rehabilitation are:

Individualisation of services.
Maximum involvement and due importance to be given to preferences and choices of persons with severe mental illness.
Normalised and community-based services.
Strength focus.
Situational assessment.
Treatment, rehabilitation, and integration through a holistic approach.
Ongoing, accessible, and coordinated services.
Training of skills and vocational focus.
Environmental modification support.
Partnership with the family.
Evaluative assessment with outcome-oriented focus.

5. List the factors which contribute to the prolonged mental illness in the Indian context.

Factors contributing to prolonged mental illness in the Indian context include:

Misconception and stigma,
Limited facilities of clinical care,
Cost of treatment,
Medicine’s side effects, and
Negative symptoms

6. What are the strategies of management in psychosocial rehabilitation?

Following are the main strategies of management in psychosocial rehabilitation:

Developing and applying measures to assess the effectiveness of medication,
Intervention with cognitive techniques directly to remedy cognitive and behavioural deficits,
Developing and applying measures to assess both the stress experienced by the individual and availabity of internal and external resources to cope with stress,
Intervening to correct the deficits observed through functional assessment, and
Intervention to provide information about the nature, etiology, and treatment of mental illness to the family members.

7. Outline the role of counsellor and family therapist in psychosocial rehabilitation.

The role of counsellor and family therepist in psychosocial rehabilitation involves the following:

Listening to the person carefully,
Psychoeducation,
Allowing freedom to choose,
Maintaining confidentiality,
Providing desired information,
Respecting the person with severe mental illness and her or his human rights, and
Conducting counselling and family therepy sessions to resolve specific issue.

8. Name two major mental illnesses causing disability and list their clinical characteristics.

Two major mental illnesses causing disability are:

Schizophrenia: Characterised by positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganised speech, and negative symptoms such as social withdrawal, flat affect, and lack of motivation.
Bipolar Affective Disorder: Characterised by episodes of mania (elation, overactivity, grandiosity) and depression (persistent sadness, fatigue, loss of interest).

9. What is psychosocial rehabilitation?

Psychosocial rehabilitation is a process that aims to help persons with mental illness to recover from their illness, integrate into their family and community, and improve their overall quality of life.

10. List strategies used in the management of psychiatric disability.

Management strategies for psychiatric disability include:

Pharmacotherapy using medications to manage symptoms.
Psychosocial interventions, including various forms of therapy.
Skills training to improve daily functioning.
Vocational rehabilitation to help individuals find and maintain employment.
Family involvement and support.

11. Describe the role of counsellor and family therapist in psychosocial rehabilitation of persons with severe mental illness.

The role of the counsellor and family therapist is to:

Provide support and guidance to individuals and their families.
Address emotional and psychological issues related to mental illness.
Improve communication and problem-solving skills within the family.
Facilitate coping strategies and adjustment to the illness.
Educate family members about mental illness and treatment options.
Help create a supportive environment for the person with the illness.

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