The development of the modern computer has influenced current ways of thinking about cognition through computer simulation of cognitive processes for research purposes and through the creation of information-processing models. Continue Reading >>

The triarchic theory of intelligence was formulated by Robert J. Sternberg (Sternberg, 1985; Sternberg et al., 1995), a prominent figure in the research of human intelligence. The theory was among the first to go against the psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more cognitive approach. Continue Reading >>

Structure of language is considered to be hierarchical. In a hierarchy elements at one level combine to construct elements at the higher level, a causal or constructive relationship. Elements at one level ‘choose’ or constrain elements at the lower level, a regulatory relationship. Low level elements are necessarily smaller than higher level units. Continue Reading >>

KABC, was developed (by Alan S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman in 1983) from neuropsychological theory. The second edition (KABC-II, published in 2004), is an individually administered measure of the processing and cognitive abilities of children and adolescents aged 3–18. It is a theory based instrument grounded in a dual theoretical foundation: the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) psychometric model of broad and narrow abilities and Luria’s neuropsychological theory of processing. Continue Reading >>

The self-reference effect is a tendency for people to encode information differently depending on the level to which the self is implicated in the information. When people are asked to remember information related in some way to the self, the recall rate can be improved. Continue Reading >>

Beginning in 1948, a group of educators undertook the task of classifying education goals and objectives with the intent to develop a classification system for three domains: the cognitive, the affective, and the psychomotor. Work on the cognitive domain was completed in the 1950s and is commonly referred to as Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain. Continue Reading >>

Cultural blocks refers to the ‘mental blocks’ that are created in the mind due to conditioning to accept certain behaviour as normal in a given situation, even though we might find a much better solution to a problem if we look beyond what is normal. Continue Reading >>

Speech sound disorders are speech disorders in which some speech sounds (called phonemes) in a person’s native language are either not produced, not produced correctly, or are not used correctly. Continue Reading >>

Primary mental abilities were first discussed by L.L. Thurstone in 1935 and could be described as latent core constructs that can explain nearly all cognitive differences. Continue Reading >>

Spatial Intelligence is an area in the theory of multiple intelligences that deals with spatial judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind's eye. Continue Reading >>

Hippocampus is a seahorse shaped paired structure, with one hippocampi located in each hemisphere of the brain. It is located within the temporal lobes, adjacent to the amygdala, under the cerebral cortex and contains two main interlocking parts: Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus. Continue Reading >>

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor-speech system and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes. Continue Reading >>

Chomsky argues that the underlying logic, or deep structure, of all languages is the same and that human mastery of it is genetically determined, not learned. Those aspects of language that humans have to study are termed surface structures. Continue Reading >>

American linguist whose theory of transformational or generative grammar has had a profound influence on the fields of both linguistics and psychology. Continue Reading >>

Means-ends analysis is a problem solving strategy that arose from the work on problem solving of Newell and Simon (1972). In means-ends analysis, one solves a problem by considering the obstacles that stand between the initial problem state and the goal state. Continue Reading >>

Algorithm is an approach of problem solving where defined set of step-by-step procedures are followed to reach the correct answer to a particular problem. By correctly following the instructions, you are guaranteed to reach the right answer. Continue Reading >>

Short-term memory is a memory system that holds a limited amount of information for brief periods of time, usually thirty seconds or less. This is the memory system you use when you look up a phone number and dial it. Continue Reading >>

Simultaneous processing is one of the components of Cognition which, as per PASS theory of intelligence, is organized in three systems and four processes. Continue Reading >>