Important Questions for IGNOU MAPC MPCE046 Exam with Main Points for Answer - Block 5 Positive Psychology Interventions Unit 15 Stress Management and Post Traumatic Growth

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Block 5 Positive Psychology Interventions

Unit 15 Stress Management and Post Traumatic Growth

1. The word ‘stress’ has been derived from which Latin word?

The word ‘stress’ is derived from the Latin word ‘stringere’.

2. Differentiate between acute and chronic stress.

Acute stress is short-term stress that occurs suddenly, with symptoms that are acute and do not last long.

3. What are stressors?

Stressors are the factors that cause stress.

4. What are the different types of stressors?

The different types of stressors are physical or physiological, psychological, environmental, and socio-cultural.

5. Name the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

The three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) are Alarm, Resistance, and Exhaustion.

6. What is mindfulness meditation?

Mindfulness meditation refers to developing awareness about one's thoughts and emotions in the present moment, without any judgment.

7. What is cognitive restructuring?

Cognitive restructuring is a technique that involves identifying and changing the negative and unrealistic thoughts that lead to stress. Cognitive restructuring requires one to restructure or modify one’s thinking patterns

8. What is biofeedback?

Biofeedback provides feedback about the physiological changes that occur in stressful situations so as to regulate them consciously.

9. List some of the benefits of gratitude.

Some of the benefits of gratitude include an increase in positive emotions, better health, and improved relationships.

10. How can visualization help manage stress?

Visualization can help manage stress by creating a positive image or scenario in our minds, which in turn can reduce negative emotions and prepare the body for positive action.

11. Name a few strategies to cultivate gratitude in your life.

Strategies to cultivate gratitude include gratitude letters, counting your blessings, gratitude visits, and keeping a gratitude journal.

12. Who is known for the concept of emotional intelligence?

Daniel Goleman is known for the concept of emotional intelligence.

13. What are the two types of visualization?

The two types of visualization are outcome visualization, which focuses on the end goal, and process visualization, which focuses on the entire process leading to the goal.

14. Name some of the strategies for conflict management.

Some of the strategies for conflict management include avoiding, competing, accommodating, collaborating, and compromising.

15. What are the elements of post-traumatic growth?

The elements of post-traumatic growth are appreciation, relationships, new possibilities and opportunities, personal strength, and spiritual enhancement.

16. Explain the concept of stress and describe the types of stressors.

Stress is defined as any force that strains an organism's coping mechanism both physically and psychologically. Stressors are the factors that cause stress. Types of stressors include:

Physical or physiological stressors, like illness, injury, or physical exertion.
Psychological stressors, like work overload, academic pressure, or relationship issues.
Environmental stressors, like noise pollution, poor living conditions, or weather events.
Socio-cultural stressors, like discrimination, financial problems, or social isolation.

17. Discuss the General Adaptation Syndrome model of stress.

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model describes the body’s response to stress in three stages:

Alarm Stage: The body initially recognises the stressor and initiates the fight-or-flight response, with increased heart rate and adrenaline release.
Resistance Stage: If the stressor continues, the body enters a resistance stage, attempting to adapt to the stressor. Physiological arousal remains elevated but at a lower level than the alarm stage.
Exhaustion Stage: Prolonged or chronic stress exhausts the body's resources, leading to a decline in physiological and psychological functioning and can result in physical and mental health problems.

18. Describe yoga and meditation as strategies for dealing with stress.

Yoga and meditation are effective stress management techniques:

Yoga involves physical postures, breathing exercises (pranayama), and meditation, which promotes physical health, reduces muscle tension, and enhances the mind-body connection.
Meditation focuses on cultivating awareness and mindfulness, which promotes relaxation, improves focus, and reduces negative thoughts and emotions.
Both practices help to regulate the nervous system and create a sense of inner peace.

19. Explain the stress management strategies focusing on the affective processes.

Stress management strategies focused on affective (emotional) processes include:

Emotional intelligence: Being aware of one’s own emotions and that of others, will help in changing thinking and behaviour to promote adaptive responses.
Practicing gratitude: Recognizing and appreciating the positive aspects of life can reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions.
Engaging in relaxation techniques: Using techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and guided imagery to calm the mind and body.
Self-compassion: Treating oneself with kindness and understanding during times of stress, rather than self-criticism.

20. Define post-traumatic growth (PTG). Differentiate between PTG and resilience.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) refers to the positive psychological changes that occur as a result of struggling with highly challenging or traumatic life events. It goes beyond simply returning to a pre-trauma state.
Resilience is the ability to bounce back or recover from adversity. While both concepts deal with adversity, resilience is more about maintaining equilibrium, while PTG involves significant positive transformation as a result of trauma, and moving beyond a pre-trauma state. In PTG, individuals often report that their struggles have led to a deeper appreciation for life, enhanced personal strengths, and improved relationships.

Important Points

Some of the components involved in positive attitudeare optimism, hope, divergent thinking, and resilience.
‘Negativity bias’ refers to the fact that our brain easily picks up the negatives as it concerns survival from an evolutionary point of view.
Problem-focused coping tries to address the problem itself, that is, removing the cause of the stress whereas emotion-focused coping deals with the emotions arising out of the stressful experience.

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