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Block 2 Interventions

Unit 9 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Childhood/Adolescent Disorders

1. Discuss the various techniques used in cognitive behaviour therapy.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Techniques: CBT uses various techniques targeting thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. These include:

1. Relaxation exercises: Techniques like deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation to manage anxiety.
2. Imagery: Using positive imagery to counteract negative thoughts and feelings.
3. Distraction techniques: Shifting attention from distressing thoughts or sensations.
4. Activity scheduling: Encouraging engagement in enjoyable activities to improve mood and reduce avoidance.
5. Problem-solving: Structured approach to identifying and resolving problems.
6. Disputation: Challenging negative or unhelpful thoughts with evidence and alternative perspectives.
7. Cognitive restructuring: Reframing negative thoughts into more balanced and realistic ones.
8. Contingency management: Using rewards and consequences to reinforce positive behaviours (e.g., token economies, star charts).
9. Role-playing: Practicing new behaviours in a safe environment.
10. Thought stopping: Interrupting negative thought patterns.
11. Exposure and response prevention: Gradually exposing the individual to feared situations and preventing them from engaging in avoidance behaviours.
12. Stress inoculation training: Building coping skills through psychoeducation and training in relaxation, thought stopping and problem-solving techniques.

2. Write a note on the assessment methods used in cognitive behaviour therapy.

CBT Assessment Methods: Assessment in CBT is multifaceted:

1. Interviews: Gathering information about symptoms, history, and personal experiences.
2. ABC Charts/Thought Diaries: Recording situations (A), thoughts (B), and consequences (C) to identify patterns of maladaptive thinking and behaviour.
3. Questionnaires and Tests: Using standardised measures to assess symptoms and cognitive processes.
4. Observation: Observing behaviour in different settings to inform treatment strategies.

3. Describe the process of cognitive behaviour therapy briefly

CBT Process: The process is typically structured:

1. Socialization: Building rapport with the patient and psycho-educating them about the nature of their problems and CBT's approach.
2. Goal setting: Collaboratively defining specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals.
3. Cognitive and behavioural interventions: Implementing specific techniques to target maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
4. Termination: Gradually reducing the frequency of sessions and preparing the individual for maintaining gains independently. Booster sessions may be provided.

4. Define cognitive behaviour therapy.

Cognitive behavioural therapy focuses on understanding the physiological, emotional, behavioural, cognitive as well as social factors involved in the precipitation and maintenance of symptoms, distress and disability experienced by a person.

5. What is the ABC Model?

The ABC model suggests that A is the affect, B is the behaviour and C is the cognition.

Important Points

1. ABC Charting/diary is a method of assessment, which includes recording the situations, beliefs and consequences.

2. Interviews can be used as a method to take information about the case history.

3. Breathing exercises are a relaxation method.

4. Contingency management is done by rewarding positive behaviours

5. Disputation involves challenging the maladaptive beliefs

6. Role play involves enacting the situation with the therapist as client