Important Questions for IGNOU PGDCFT MSCCFT MCFT002 Exam with Main Points for Answer - Unit 4

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Unit 4 Nature and Type of Chronic Physical Illnesses

1. Is there any association between a psychiatric illness and chronic physical illness? Explain in 2-3 lines.

Yes, there is strong association between a psychiatric illness and chronic physical illness as about 25 per cent or more of those suffering from chronic physical illness suffer from psychiatric disorder. Among the psychiatric disorders, anxiety and depression are the most common disorders in those suffering from physical disorder.

2. How does depression worsen the cardiovascular illness?

Depression may increase risk of complication in cardiovascular illness independently or in association with increased smoking, abnormal autonomic function (increased sympathetic activation leading to arrhythmia) and platelet dysfunction (increased thrombus formation) seen in depression. It also predicts the quality of life among these patients.

3. Explain the association of psychiatric disorders in patients suffering from chronic diseases in 1-2 lines.

The most common psychiatric disorder in end stage renal disorder is depression. Depression is also closely associated in renal disease patients who commit suicide.

4. Which are the common endocrine disorders associated with psychiatric disorders?

Thyroid endocrine disorders are commonly associated both with depression

and mania. Diabetes is commonly associated with depression. Adrenal gland

disorders are commonly associated with psychosis and cognitive problems.

5. What are the psychiatric disorder symptoms commonly associated with cancer patients?

Five symptoms which are found in more than 50 per cent of patients are fatigue, worry, sadness, pain, drowsiness. Depression is even considered as the presenting symptom in patients of prostate cancer.

6. What is delusional parasitosis?

Delusion of parasitosis is the fixed belief that one is infested with living organisms despite a lack of medical evidence of such infestation. Patients experience tactile hallucinations described as crawling, biting, or stinging.

It has been associated with many medical disorders, including tuberculosis, syphilis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, diabetes mellitus, vitamin B12 deficiency and hepatic disease. It may also be a part of various psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

7. How do behavioural techniques help the patient? Illustrate with the help of examples.

Behavioural techniques reduce physiological arousal and increase the patient’s sense of control. Behavioural techniques, such as active and passive relaxation, desensitisation and distraction are useful in a wide range of situations in oncology, including relief of acute and chronic anxiety related to surgery and painful procedures.

Cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy or stress reduction practices, such as meditation and yoga, are useful for many asthma patients. Relaxation training, habit reversal training, cognitive-behavioural techniques and stress management training lead to significant and stable adjunctive treatment in skin diseases.

Improvement of alopecia areata has been seen with psychotherapy and relaxation training. Biofeedback-assisted relaxation and cognitive imagery treatment reduces acne severity.

Counsellors can work with friends, families and the persons suffering from chronic physical illnesses. There are many strategies that counsellors use to help people heal and move forward. The patients may be given the following instructions:

1) Accept your illness,

2) Like yourself as you are, with all your problems, limitations and your appearance,

3) Get over the “Why me?” attitude so you can solve the problems of today,

4) Take total responsibility for your health and never overlook all the help you can get and

5) Become an expert on your illness.

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