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Block 4 Organising and Planning Counselling and Guidance

Unit 2 Rationale And Purpose Of Guidance And Counselling Programme

1) What are the aims/goals of guidance and counselling?

Aims/Goals of Guidance and Counselling:

• The primary goal is to help individuals gain self-understanding, including their strengths, limitations, and available resources.
• It aims to foster self-acceptance, which includes accepting aspects of themselves that they cannot change.
• Guidance and counselling also strives for self-direction, which is the ability to solve problems and make decisions independently.
• The overall goal is to enable individuals to reach their full potential and become happier and more productive members of society.
• Guidance aims to facilitate personal growth and development, helping people make informed choices and adjustments.
• Counselling also focuses on enhancing psychological well-being and developing more constructive life practices.

2) Explain the self-situational field in the context of guidance and counselling.

Self-Situational Field in Guidance and Counselling:

• The self-situational field is a dynamic and open-ended concept that focuses on various aspects of an individual's self and their situation.
• It considers the individual’s abilities, potential and limitations, and the situational factors such as family, school, peer group, and community.
• This field is dynamic and includes different aspects of the self and the individual’s environment.

3) State two individual and social needs each.

Individual and Social Needs:

• Individual Needs:
  • Guidance helps individuals understand their abilities, interests, and personality.
  • It helps individuals make informed decisions about their education and careers.
• Social Needs:
  • Guidance aims to help individuals adjust to society and to be productive members of their communities.
  • It also helps in developing qualities like perseverance, dedication, and respect for others.

4) Describe the scope of guidance and counselling.

Scope of Guidance and Counselling:

• The scope of guidance and counselling is broad, encompassing many areas of human life.
• It includes assisting students in developing academic and non-academic plans.
• It provides support to teachers to better understand their students.
• It aims to develop qualities such as perseverance and a positive outlook.
• Guidance and counselling extends beyond education to include health, recreation, marital, career, and personal-social areas.
• It is also for diverse groups like the gifted, those with learning difficulties, and socially disadvantaged individuals.

5) Why is educational guidance important for students?

Importance of Educational Guidance:

• Educational guidance provides children with information to help them select the most suitable type of school.
• It guides children in what and how to study effectively.
• It helps students make the right choices regarding co-curricular activities.
• It also offers remedial measures to help children achieve academic excellence.
• It supports the development of abilities and skills for effective learning and achievement.
• Educational guidance also helps to identify and address learning difficulties.

6) What do you mean by personal and social guidance and counseling?

Personal and Social Guidance and Counselling:

• Personal and social guidance helps individuals understand how to make friends and establish good relationships.
• It aids in time management and in developing a sense of well-being.
• It helps individuals solve problems, tackle stress, and build confidence.
• It is considered a basis for all types of guidance, as personal problems need attention before educational or career guidance can be effective.

7) What are the different functions of guidance and counseling?

Functions of Guidance and Counselling:

• Guidance and counselling functions to promote self-understanding.
• It provides orientation to new situations.
• It aids in development and education.
• It helps in adjustment and remediation.
• These functions apply to all types of guidance such as educational, career, and personal-social.

8) State the assumptions underlying guidance and counselling.

Assumptions Underlying Guidance and Counselling:

• Guidance and counselling recognises the uniqueness of each individual.
• It is concerned with the total development of an individual.
• Guidance and counselling is goal-directed.
• It is considered a professional service that should be provided by trained individuals.
• It is based on an understanding of the stages of human growth and development.
• It is meant for all those who need help.
• It should be based on reliable data.
• It involves a flexible use of tools for data collection and methods of guiding.

9) State the principles of guidance and counselling.

Principles of Guidance and Counselling:

• Guidance is unique to each individual and must be tailored accordingly.
• It focuses on the all-round development of a person.
• It is always goal-directed, working toward specific, achievable outcomes.
• It is a professional service provided by trained personnel.
• It is based on a thorough knowledge of human growth and development.
• It is for all who need help, at any stage of life.
• It is not specific to any stage of development and is a continuous process.
• It is based on reliable data about the individual.
• It employs a flexible approach with diverse tools and strategies.

10) Explain the statement: guidance counselling is not specific to any stage of development.

• Guidance and counselling are needed at all stages of life.
• Individuals require assistance with different aspects of life at each stage of their development.
• It is a continuous process rather than a one-time event.
• Guidance efforts continue through programmes to prevent recurrence of problems.

11) Discuss the main reasons of integrating guidance in education system. Mention the three bases for establishing guidance and counselling programme in the school.

Integration of Guidance in the Education System:

• Guidance is integrated into education to help students make intelligent choices and adjustments in life.
• It supplements schooling by addressing needs beyond the instructional.
• Societal forces, such as industrialisation and urbanisation, have increased the need for guidance in education.
• Preventive and remedial programs are needed to address issues like mental illness and school dropouts, making guidance a necessary part of education.
• Guidance is considered an integral part of education, assisting students in making choices and adjustments.

• Philosophical Basis: This involves the belief about children, their growth, and the role of school in facilitating that growth. It emphasizes the importance of the individual, the search for meaning, freedom to grow, and opportunities for optimal development.
• Psychological Basis: This relates to the psychological nature of children, their common needs and specific needs for self-development in a social context. It considers individual differences, developmental needs, exceptional needs, and learning difficulties.
• Sociological Basis: This is based on the knowledge of society’s expectations from the individuals and the social context in which the students live.

12) Discuss the rationale for guidance and counselling programme. State the reasons for planning guidance and counselling programme in school.

• The rationale is to help individuals understand themselves, adjust to society, and make wise educational and vocational choices.
• Guidance and counselling aims to help individuals reach a higher level of personal planning, decision-making, and development within a social context.
• It is based on the philosophy of human uniqueness, goodness, and dignity.
• It helps individuals become aware of their strengths and potential and overcome problems.

• To discover students’ potential, abilities, and interests and to help them develop these qualities for the benefit of society.
• To help students acquire knowledge, habits, skills and attitudes necessary for adjustment in modern life.
• To develop the right attitudes and interests while taking individual differences into account.
• To help students adjust to school.

13) Describe the objectives of guidance at the elementary stage of education.

Objectives of Guidance at the Elementary Stage:

• To help students transition from home to school successfully.
• To diagnose and address difficulties in learning basic skills.
• To identify students with special needs (gifted, backward or disabled).
• To help potential dropouts to stay in school.
• To guide students in exploring the world of work and developing positive attitudes towards work.
• To help students plan their further education or training.

14) Describe in detail the need for guidance at the individual level.

Need for Guidance at the Individual Level:

• Guidance is needed to help individuals understand their abilities, interests, and personality.
• It assists them in making and carrying out adequate plans.
• It facilitates satisfactory adjustment in all aspects of daily life.
• It helps individuals discover their needs and assess their potential.
• Guidance aids them in formulating life purposes and plans of action.
• It supports individuals in reaching a state of mature self-guidance.
• It helps the individual in creating awareness of his/her strengths and potentials for maximum output.
• It helps in solving problems and resolving difficulties.

15) Discuss the purposes of guidance and counselling in educational institution.

• The main goal is to help each student progress successfully through school.
• It aims to facilitate a clear understanding and acceptance of themselves.
• It is intended to help students maximise their potential and social productivity.
• It helps students learn to live better lives.
• Guidance also helps students make the best possible adjustment between their own needs and the demands of society.
• It assists in the development of skills in effective leadership and cooperative group participation.
• It offers assistance to student organisations to benefit the school and individuals.
• It helps students in interpreting their interests and needs in relation to school policies and programs.
• It also helps in financial adjustments to continue education.
• Guidance promotes success and social acceptance in a pleasant environment.
• It encourages students to supplement classroom learning with experiences that develop social responsibilities.
• It helps students choose subjects for a liberal education and specialised training.
• It offers assistance in vocational objective selection.
• It removes personal obstacles that hinder growth.
• It provides occupational information for industrial, business, and professional fields.
• It supports the development of a student health program.
• The programme provides a safe, supportive, and conducive environment.