Important Questions for IGNOU PGDCFT MSCCFT MCFT002 Exam with Main Points for Answer - Unit 6

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Unit 6 National Mental Health Programme

1. What are Common mental disorders?

Common mental disorders (CMDs) include depression, anxiety and other related disorders. It also includes somatic symptoms of psychological origin and other transient and adjustment disorders. Most of the times the patients sufferings from CMDs do not go to primary care settings as they may feel that their problems are emotional in nature. They usually rely on methods like prayers, yoga, meditation etc. to deal with their psychological problems.

2. What are Psychiatric problems of children and adolescents?

The psychiatric problems of children and adolescents are also known as CAMDs. The problem is more complex in low and middle income countries where children constitute a large part of the population. The infrastructural supports for identification and management is very poor and poverty, hunger, malnutrition and infection make these problems worse.

3. What is Alcohol and drug abuse?

Alcohol and drug abuse group is generally missed in the psychiatric morbidity surveys of the adult population as this is difficult to identify in large community surveys. Alcohol abuse is gradually increasing and rough estimates indicate that nearly 30% of men are currently alcohol users. Tobacco abuse is a major health problem in India and easy availability and cheap prices are responsible for the increasing use.

4. Is suicide a society's Mental Health Indicator?

Suicide is a very important mental health indicator of any community. Countries passing through social crisis have the highest suicide rate in comparison to countries with stability and good health care facilities. The suicide statistics are not always reliable as some people hide suicide cases due to various social and religious reasons.

5. Enumerate the main objectives of National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) at the time of inception.

National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) was launched by Government of India in 1982. The main objectives of NMHP at the time of inception were:

i) To ensure availability and accessibility of minimum mental health care for all in the near foreseeable future, particularly to the most vulnerable section of the population.

ii) To encourage mental health knowledge and skills in general health care and social development.

iii) To promote community participation in mental health service development and to stimulate self-help in the community.

6. List the areas of concern, identified during the implementation of NMHP.

The areas of concern, identified during the implementation of NMHP are:

i) Poor availability of skilled manpower in psychiatry and allied specialities impeded recruitment of staff for DMHP.

ii) Low awareness regarding mental illnesses in the community.

iii) Stigma attached to mental illnesses and institutional care.

iv) Lack of coordination between state departments for example DMHP being implemented through the Medical Education Department and District health system coming under the Health Directorate.

v) Lack of community involvement.

vi) Non-availability of standardised training manuals or modules.

vii) Many aspects of mental illness were not being addressed at the district and sub district level for example suicide prevention, workplace stress management, school and college counselling etc.

viii) The miniscule trained manpower available for mental health services was largely concentrated in the urban areas.

7. List the activities cover under District Mental Health Programme (DMHP).

The activities covered under District Mental Health Programme are:

i) Mental health services,

ii) Training,

iii) Information, Education and Communication (IEC) activities

8. Name the schemes which are under implementation to address the manpower concerns in Mental Health.

The Schemes under implementation to address the man-power concerns in mental health are:

i) Centres of excellence in mental health,

ii) Scheme for manpower development in mental health,

iii) IEC,

iv) Research and training,

v) Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) or Public Private Partnership (PPP) Schemes,

vi) State and central teams, and

vii) Support for state mental health authorities.

9. What is the burden of mental health disorders in the country? Why did the Government feel the need to initiate NMHP?

In 1990, mental and neurological disorders accounted for 10 per cent of the total lost due to all diseases and injuries. This increased to 12 per cent in the year 2000 and an analysis of trends indicates that the burden will further increase to 15 per cent by the year 2020. The resources available to tackle the huge burden of these disorders are insufficient, inequitably distributed, and inefficiently used, which leads to a treatment gap of more than 75 per cent in many countries with low and lower middle incomes.

In India the prevalence estimates vary between 5.82 per cent to 7.3 per cent. In terms of absolute number suffering from mental illnesses, the prevalence estimate throws up a huge number of about 7 crore persons.

Looking at the burden of mental health disorders in the country, Govt of India implemented National Mental Health Programme in 1982. However due to lack of sufficient funds, programme could not be implemented in an effective manner. Real breakthrough was made in IXth Five year Plan (1998), when DMHP was implemented in 27 districts under NMHP.

10. What are severe mental disorders?

Severe mental disorders generally included schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and severe depressions. Depression of any type is now a part of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and therefore tends to be included under that group. Severe mental disorders should include organic disorders like dementias which by themselves are increasing sharply

11. Does stigma related to mental illness hamper delivery of mental health services?

Yes

12. What component of NMHP relates to community mental health?

District Mental Health Programme (DMHP)

13. Why is it important to have an effective IEC strategy under NMHP?

An intensive IEC campaign using innovative IEC strategies involving mass media at Central or Regional level to reduce stigma attached to mental illness and increase awareness regarding available treatment and mental health care facilities leading to increased utilization of available services is considered essential element of NMHP. Increased awareness regarding provisions under Mental Health Act 1987 is also required for effective implementation.

14. What is the role of NGOs in NMHP?

The burden of mental disorders is very high and government efforts need to be supplemented by NGOs/voluntary organizations working in this field. Many of these organizations need financial support to scale up their activities. Mental Health Services for community based rehabilitation, for homeless mentally ill, ambulatory services, geriatric population, out of school adolescents, slum dwellers, other vulnerable groups and areas of mental health not covered in DMHP would be implemented through dedicated and credible NGO partners.

In addition, innovative schemes on pilot basis with involvement of NGOs or PPP (Public Private Partnership) would be funded to make available basic mental health services at grass root level.

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